Lisp

Functional, metaprogramming. First appeared 1958; lisp family; symbolic computation, ai research.

Record¶

First appeared	1958
Family	Lisp family
Paradigm emphasis	Functional, metaprogramming
Typing	Dynamic, strong
Memory	Tracing GC
Execution	Interpreted or compiled
Primary domain	Symbolic computation, AI research
Designers	John McCarthy
Reference	https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/367177.367199
Last verified	not yet checked against its source by a human

Dates are first public release or publication, not the start of internal development. Colour on the typing and memory tags encodes kind, never rank.

Influence¶

Figure 1. Lisp in the influence graph: recorded ancestors on the left, languages that record it as an influence on the right. Every node links to its own record. Edges name indexed languages only, so an empty side means no indexed relative, not none at all. Source: languages.json.

Within the Lisp family¶

Code represented as data, macros as the primary extension mechanism, and a preference for interactive development.

Language	First appeared	Typing	Memory	Execution
Scheme	1975	Dynamic, strong	Tracing GC	Interpreted or compiled
Racket	1995	Dynamic, strong	Tracing GC	JIT
Clojure	2007	Dynamic, strong, optional specs	Tracing GC (JVM)	Bytecode + JIT

3 other languages in this family, ordered by first appearance. Lisp itself is omitted. Source: languages.json.