Julia

Multiple dispatch, array, scientific. First appeared 2012; array and statistical; scientific and numerical computing.

Record¶

First appeared	2012
Family	Array and statistical
Paradigm emphasis	Multiple dispatch, array, scientific
Typing	Dynamic with type annotations
Memory	Tracing GC
Execution	JIT (LLVM)
Primary domain	Scientific and numerical computing
Designers	Bezanson, Karpinski, Shah, Edelman
Reference	https://docs.julialang.org/
Last verified	not yet checked against its source by a human

Dates are first public release or publication, not the start of internal development. Colour on the typing and memory tags encodes kind, never rank.

Influence¶

Figure 1. Julia in the influence graph: recorded ancestors on the left, languages that record it as an influence on the right. Every node links to its own record. Edges name indexed languages only, so an empty side means no indexed relative, not none at all. Source: languages.json.

Within the Array and statistical¶

Whole-array operations as the primary abstraction, with vectorised semantics in place of explicit element loops.

Language	First appeared	Typing	Memory	Execution
Fortran	1957	Static, strong	Static/manual	AOT compiled
APL	1962	Dynamic	Tracing GC	Interpreted
R	1993	Dynamic	Tracing GC	Interpreted

3 other languages in this family, ordered by first appearance. Julia itself is omitted. Source: languages.json.