Programming Language Atlas

A structured reference to language families, paradigms, and implementations

C#

Multi-paradigm, object-oriented. First appeared 2000; managed runtimes; application and game development.

Record

First appeared2000
FamilyManaged runtimes
Paradigm emphasisMulti-paradigm, object-oriented
TypingStatic, strong, partly inferred
MemoryTracing GC
ExecutionBytecode + JIT/AOT
Primary domainApplication and game development
DesignersAnders Hejlsberg, Microsoft
Referencehttps://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/
Last verifiednot yet checked against its source by a human

Dates are first public release or publication, not the start of internal development. Colour on the typing and memory tags encodes kind, never rank.

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Influence

C++1985Java1995F#2005Dart2011Kotlin2011TypeScript2012Swift2014C#2000
Figure 1. C# in the influence graph: recorded ancestors on the left, languages that record it as an influence on the right. Every node links to its own record. Edges name indexed languages only, so an empty side means no indexed relative, not none at all. Source: languages.json.

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Within the Managed runtimes

Languages targeting a shared virtual machine and inheriting its collector, threading model, and library surface.

Language First appeared Typing Memory Execution
Java 1995 Static, strong Tracing GC Bytecode + JIT
Scala 2004 Static, strong, inferred Tracing GC (JVM) Bytecode + JIT
Kotlin 2011 Static, strong, inferred Tracing GC (JVM) Bytecode + JIT, native AOT

3 other languages in this family, ordered by first appearance. C# itself is omitted. Source: languages.json.

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