Programming Language Atlas

A structured reference to language families, paradigms, and implementations

SQL

Declarative, relational. First appeared 1974; logic and declarative; data definition and query.

Record

First appeared1974
FamilyLogic and declarative
Paradigm emphasisDeclarative, relational
TypingStatic, dialect-dependent
MemoryEngine-managed
ExecutionQuery planner
Primary domainData definition and query
DesignersChamberlin and Boyce
Referencehttps://www.iso.org/standard/76583.html
Last verifiednot yet checked against its source by a human

Dates are first public release or publication, not the start of internal development. Colour on the typing and memory tags encodes kind, never rank.

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Influence

No indexed ancestorNo indexed descendantSQL1974
Figure 1. SQL in the influence graph: recorded ancestors on the left, languages that record it as an influence on the right. Every node links to its own record. Edges name indexed languages only, so an empty side means no indexed relative, not none at all. Source: languages.json.

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Within the Logic and declarative

Programs stated as relations or constraints, with the runtime searching for satisfying answers.

Language First appeared Typing Memory Execution
Prolog 1972 Dynamic Tracing GC Interpreted or compiled

1 other languages in this family, ordered by first appearance. SQL itself is omitted. Source: languages.json.

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