Mojo

Imperative, systems, metaprogramming. First appeared 2023; systems and ownership; accelerator and ai systems programming.

Record¶

First appeared	2023
Family	Systems and ownership
Paradigm emphasis	Imperative, systems, metaprogramming
Typing	Static, strong; dynamic Python interop
Memory	Ownership and borrowing
Execution	AOT compiled (MLIR/LLVM)
Primary domain	Accelerator and AI systems programming
Designers	Chris Lattner, Tim Davis, Modular
Reference	https://docs.modular.com/mojo/manual/
Last verified	not yet checked against its source by a human

Dates are first public release or publication, not the start of internal development. Colour on the typing and memory tags encodes kind, never rank.

Influence¶

Figure 1. Mojo in the influence graph: recorded ancestors on the left, languages that record it as an influence on the right. Every node links to its own record. Edges name indexed languages only, so an empty side means no indexed relative, not none at all. Source: languages.json.

Within the Systems and ownership¶

Predictable performance without a tracing collector, achieved through ownership, borrowing, or reference counting checked at compile time.

Language	First appeared	Typing	Memory	Execution
Ada	1980	Static, strong	Manual, pooled	AOT compiled
Rust	2010	Static, strong, inferred	Ownership and borrowing	AOT compiled (LLVM)
Swift	2014	Static, strong, inferred	Automatic Reference Counting	AOT compiled (LLVM)
Zig	2016	Static, strong	Manual, explicit allocators	AOT compiled (LLVM)
Hare	2022	Static, strong	Manual, no runtime collector	AOT compiled (QBE)

5 other languages in this family, ordered by first appearance. Mojo itself is omitted. Source: languages.json.